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کدک H265 ده بیت چیست؟

کدک H265 ده بیت چیست؟

کدک H265 ده بیت چیست؟

آشنایی با تکنولوژی فشرده سازی تصاویر HEVC – بخش اول

در سال های اخیر، متخصصان تکنولوژی فیلم و ویدئو دیجیتال، از فورمت های مختلفی برای فشرده سازی تصویر (کم کردن حجم فایل ها در قبال کیفیت بالا) استفاده می کنند.

از سال 1988 یعنی حدود 34 سال پیش، تکنولوژی با نام H.261 معرفی شد که این تکنولوژی، به جای این که فریم به فریم تصاویر را عینا پخش نماید، توسط الگریتم ویژه، مناطقی از تصویر که متحرک نبود را به عنوان یک فریم ثابت، و مناطق متحرک تصویر را به عنوان فریم های کوچک تر متحرک ذخیره می کرد.

این امر باعث می شد که خروجی تصاویر، با حفظ کیفیت، حجم بسیار کمتری داشته باشند. کدک H265 ده بیت چیست؟

رفته رفته در سال های 1995 و 1996 به ترتیب تکنولوژی فشرده سازی H.262 و H.263 هم ارائه شد، که الگوریتم های گفته شده را قدری بهبود بخشید، و تا حدود 10 درصد از حجم یک فایل ویدیویی کاست و در عین حال کیفیت آن را کم نکرد.

سرانجام در سال 2003 تکنولوژی با نام H.264 ارائه شد، که یک الگوریتم بسیار هوشمند تر عرضه کرد که با حفظ کیفیت بسیار بالای فایل ها، حجم آن ها را گاهی حتی تا 50 درصد کاهش می داد.

برای مثال، مقایسه کنید یک ویدیو 80 دقیقه ای در سال های دور بر روی یک Video CD که رزولوشن 352×240 داشت و حجمش 700 مگابایت بود، با حالا که همان ویدئو با ابعادی تا 1920×1080 در همین حجم ارائه می شود و چه کیفیت خیره کننده ای دارد.

این تکنولوژی رفته رفته بیشتر استفاده شد تا در نهایت تا همین حالا هم برای مثال در وبسایت های دانلود فیلم، نسخه H264 تمام فیلم ها موجود است.

در سال های گذشته، تکنولوژی با نام HEVC یا همان H.265 ارائه شده، که الگوریتم فشرده سازی تصاویر در آن بسیار بسیار هوشمند تر و فشرده تر است، و باز هم حجم فایل ها را تا 30 درصد فشرده تر می کند.

برای مثال، حالا شما می توانید یک فیلم 2 ساعته با رزولوشن Full HD را با حجم تقریبی 1 گیگابایت دانلود نمایید!

 

آشنایی با تکنولوژی فشرده سازی تصاویر HEVC – بخش دوم

در مقاله بالا، به معرفی تکنولوژی های H.261 تا H.265 پرداختیم و حالا می خواهیم نحوه استفاده از این تکنولوژی در امواج ماهواره ای و تلویزیون را معرفی کنیم.

دستگاه های  معمولی، صرفا توانایی تماشای تصاویر H.261 و H.262 یا همان MPEG2 ها را دارند. تا زمان معرفی این دو تکنولوژی، حداکثر رزولوشن یا ابعاد معرفی شده برای این دو، 720×576 بود. پس رزولوشن های بزرگتر از این به طور استاندارد، قابلیت نمایش در دستگاه های دیجیتال عادی را ندارند.

بعد ها، دستگاه دیجیتال HD به بازار آمدند که علاوه بر H.261 و H.262، توانایی نمایش فورمت های H.263 و H.264 را هم داشتند. تکنولوژی هایی که این بار تا روزولشن 1920×1080 را تعریف کرده بودند و با الگوریتم فشرده سازی مخصوصشان، اجازه نمایش کیفیت بسیار بالای تصاویر را برای بینندگان فراهم می کردند.

کمی جلوتر و برای یک دوره زمانی کوتاه، دستگاه HD با قابلیت نمایش تصاویر H.265 یا همان HEVC وارد بازار شدند. حداکثر رزولوشن این دستگاه ها همچنان همان 1920×1080 بود با این تفاوت که شبکه ها و ویدیو های فورمت H.265 را هم نشان می دادند.

جلوتر، دستگاه های 4K ارائه شد، که علاوه بر نمایش فورمت H.265 امکان ارائه رزولوشن تا حداکثر 3840×2160 را داشتند.

یک شبکه تلویزیونی با هر رزولوشنی که دارد، می تواند با هر فورمتی که سرویس دهنده ارائه می کند، پخش شود، اما اگر بخواهد با تمامی گیرنده های جدید و قدیمی دیده شود، کافی است از رزولوشن کمتر یا مساوی با 720×576 و فورمت H.262 یا H.261 یا همان MPEG2 استفاده نماید.

یک شبکه SD می تواند از فورمت H.263 یا H.264 یا حتی H.265 هم استفاده کند، اما در این صورت دیگر با گیرنده دیجایتال معمولی قابل دریافت نخواهد بود.

شبکه ای که بخواهد HD باشد، می تواند از رزولوشن 1920×1080 یا 1280×720 استفاده نماید، اما عاقلانه نیست که از MPEG2 برای پخش استفاده کند، چون در هر صورت این شبکه با دستگاه های SD قابل دریافت نخواهد بود و فورمت MPEG2 فشرده سازی کمی خواهد داشت و کیفیت شبکه به شدت پایین خواهد بود.

برای همین است که شبکه های HD معمولا از MPEG4 – H.264 برای پخش استفاده می کنند که توسط تمامی دستگاه  های HD قابل دریافت است.

بدیهی است که یک شبکه HD هم می تواند از فورمت H.265 یا همان HEVC استفاده کند، اما دیگر توسط همه دستگاه های HD قابل دریافت نخواهد بود.

یک شبکه 4K هم می تواند از تمامی فورمت های گفته شده استفاده نماید، اما از آن جا که فقط با گیرنده 4K (که همگی فورمت H.265 را پشتیبانی می کنند) قابل دریافت خواهد بود، عاقلانه نیست که با فورمتی به جز HEVC یا همان H.265 پخش شود!

 

در اینجا یک مثال داریم برای شبکه با فرمت H265 یک شبکه کدک دار ده بیت

شبکه فراتر

تنظیمات شبکه فراتر

اما این شبکه را چگونه می‌توان دریافت کرد؟ همان طور که پیش از این اعلام کردیم، شبکه فراتر بر روی تمامی تلویزیون‌ها قابل پخش نیست و دسترسی به این شبکه نیاز به آن دارد که تلویزیون شما از قابلیت‌ها و ویژگی‌های مورد نیاز برای دریافت شبکه 4K پشتیبانی کند.

برای دریافت این شبکه، گیرنده تلویزیونی شما باید 4K باشد و امکان دریافت DVB-T2 و کدک HEVC 10bit را داشته باشد. همچنین این شبکه از فناوری HDR HLG بهره می‌برد که گیرنده می‌بایست این امکان را نیز باید پشتیبانی کند. دیگر قابلیت این شبکه، سرویس HbbTV است که در صورت پشتیبانی گیرنده، می‌توانید از امکانات این سرویس استفاده کنید.

این شبکه 4K هم از طریق ماهواره بدر 5 با موقعیت 26 درجه شرقی و فرکانس 12322 عمودی و هم در کانال‌یابی در شهرهای مختلف این کانال‌ UHF قابل دریافت می‌شود.

شبکه فراتر فعلا در مراکز استان‌ها و چند شهر دیگر دریافت می‌شود اما به زودی شهرهای دیگر نیز امکان دریافت شبکه فراتر را خواهند داشت. توجه داشته باشید که به دلیل پهنای باند موردنیاز شبکه 4K باید از آنتن مرغوب استفاده کنید؛ آنتن‌هایی که اکتیو هستند، توانایی بیشتری برای دریافت این شبکه دارند.

مشخصات شبکه تلویزیونی فراتر

این شبکه تلویزیونی پس از مطالعات فراوان متخصصین رسانه ملی، با کیفیت UHD (2160P) یا به اصطلاح 4K با فناوری رنگیWCG و HDR-HLG ، با فناوری صدای محیطی چند کاناله و فناوری فشرده‌سازی HEVC Main 10 (10 بیتی) و نرخ فریم 50 در ثانیه راه‌اندازی شده که بالاترین سطح استانداردهای حال حاضر پخش برودکست را در جهان داراست.

همچنین شبکه فراتر مجهز به فناوری بومی تلویزیون ترکیبی یا HBBTV نیز است که ضمن ایجاد بسترهای تعامل با مخاطبین، جذابیت‌های آن را دوچندان می‌کند.

از مهم‌ترین اهداف راه‌اندازی شبکه فراتر، تضمین آتیه رسانه ملی با ایجاد انگیزه برای شتاب در افزایش کیفیت فنی دارایی‌های محتوایی رسانه ملی، همچنین ارتقای سطح فناوری در صنعت تولید گیرنده‌های تلویزیون در داخل کشور و نیز ایجاد بستری چابک و مدرن برای بکارگیری آخرین دستاوردهای صنعت صداوتصویر درجهان مانند صدای نسل آینده (NGA) و فناوری‌های نوین تولید محتوی مانند واقعیت ترکیبی (MR,XR) را می‌توان برشمرد.

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